This study examines the social impacts of road infrastructure investments in Poland. While global literature increasingly stresses the need to integrate social considerations into infrastructure evaluation, in most countries, including Poland, such aspects remain fragmented and underexplored, with assessments dominated by financial and environmental analyses. The study hypothesizes that road infrastructure investments generate significant social effects and that perceptions of these effects vary by demographic characteristics of local communities. A mixed-method approach combined an extensive literature review with primary research across five road investment sites in Poland, a country representative of typical European road assessment practices, heavily reliant on cost-benefit analysis focused on financial and environmental factors. CATI surveys with 1,238 residents were analysed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and cluster methods (KMeans, Ward), identifying perception patterns linked to demographic attributes. The results have practical implications for infrastructure project planning and evaluation, particularly regarding the inclusion of diverse stakeholder perspectives.