TeraHertz phonons and/or plasmons are produced in condensed matter by mechanical instabilities at the nanoscale (fracture, turbulence, cavitation, dynamic buckling). They present a frequency that is close to the resonance frequency of atomic lattices and an energy that is close to that of thermal neutrons. A series of fracture experiments on natural rocks as well as the systematic monitoring of seismic events have recently demonstrated that the TeraHertz phonons and/or plasmons are able to induce fission reactions in medium-weight atoms with neutron and/or alpha particle emissions. The same phenomenon appears to occur in several different situations and to explain puzzles regarding the history of our planet, like the ocean formation or the primordial carbon “pollution”, as well as scientific mysteries, like the so-called cold nuclear fusion or the correct radiocarbon dating of organic materials. Very important applications to earthquake precursors, early-stage fatigue diagnostics, climate change, energy production, and cell biology are likely in the future based on such fundamental discoveries.