This study investigates how to optimize façade design characteristics in residential structures to lower operating carbon emissions while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort levels in Türkiye’s various climate zones. Using DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus, a simulation-based multi-objective optimization method was created to assess six variables: window-to-wall ratio (WWR), orientation, shading strategy, cooling and heating setpoints, and location. The four cities chosen were Mersin (Zone 1), Samsun (Zone 2), Aksaray (Zone 3), and Ardahan (Zone 4), which correspond to the main climate zones of Türkiye. To minimize CO2 emissions and discomfort hours based on the ASHRAE 55 standard, an evolutionary algorithm was used to explore 303 design variations throughout 16 generations. The results demonstrated that the trade-off between emissions and comfort greatly depends on the climate, with different locations having different ideal WWR and thermal settings. For instance, deep overhangs and moderate WWR values worked well in hot, humid climates, but more conservative temperature control techniques were needed in colder climates. By applying a consistent modeling framework to integrate performance-based optimization across several climatic zones, the study contributes to the climate-responsive and energy-efficient building design literature. It supports early design decisions with workable solutions for improving building sustainability and emphasizes the significance of data-driven design tools in achieving climate-responsive architecture.