Building energy modelling (BEM) is a powerful tool that can be used to design sustainable building projects and reduce energy consumption. Despite the increasing availability and advancement of BEM tools, building designers and engineers in Nigeria still rely on conventional design methods that do not consider the dynamic nature of building energy consumption. This results in suboptimal design decisions, energy inefficiency, and increased operational costs. Hence, this study evaluates the barriers hindering professionals’ use of BEM in the Nigerian construction industry. A post-positivist philosophical approach guided a quantitative research methodology employing a questionnaire survey for this study. The population comprised architects, builders, quantity surveyors, mechanical/electrical engineers, and facility managers within Lagos state, Nigeria. Using the random sampling technique, 379 questionnaires were distributed online and physically; 228 copies were retrieved, screened, and analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis, while Cronbach’s Alpha tested reliability. The mean scores range from 3.51 to 3.81, indicating a generally high perception among respondents regarding the barriers to BEM usage. The most critical barriers that hinder using BEM are the lack of BEM education and experts, the high cost of integrated software, and product liability risk. The Kruskal-Wallis H test outcome revealed that the respondents’ opinions were consistent for five variables since their p-values were more than 0.05; this gives the consensus standpoint of the respondents on the five barriers. The study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive awareness campaigns and educational programs aimed at increasing BEM literacy among construction professionals; collaboration with industry stakeholders and educational institutions to provide accessible and affordable BEM training programs; and provision of financial incentives or tax breaks to construction firms that invest in BEM technology and training. This study provides invaluable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and educators to develop targeted interventions to overcome these challenges.