One of the mammoth tasks facing post-communist states is the reorganization of relations between central governments and regions and the establishment of an effective and democratically legitimized balance of power between national, regional and local authorities. This chapter systematically explores regional politics in post-Soviet Ukraine. The author first explains why, despite the ethnic, territorial and linguistic heterogeneity, no federal order has emerged in Ukraine. He then systematically examines the new decentralization reforms since 2014. The (de)centralization continuum developed by Dardanelli serves as an analytical tool, which enables us to measure the degree of institutional, fiscal and policy-related autonomy of subnational territorial authorities with concrete empirical indicators. The author shows the extent to which the newly created “amalgamated territorial municipalities” differ from the oblasts in terms of their capacity for action.