The use of sandstones, a stratified sedimentary rock, have been integral in construction practices due to their durability and aesthetic appeal in India. Historically used in heritage structures, sandstones continue to be employed in modern applications such as cladding, tiles, masonry, and dimension stones. With India hosting 27 sedimentary basins that house a wide variety of sandstones, this study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of various sandstone types from Vindhyan Basin and Marwar Basin, namely: Agra Red, Teak Wood, Kandla White Beige, Jodhpur Beige, Jodhpur Brown, Mandana, Bansipaharpur, Gwalior Mint, etc., sourced from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. A series of standardized tests, such as Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Rebound Hammer and Karsten Tube test were performed to characterize the sandstones. Key properties evaluated include specific gravity, porosity, compressive strength, bulk specific gravity, water absorption, and water permeability. The results revealed substantial variations influenced by geological and environmental conditions, such as burial depth and mineralogical composition. For instance, Mandana and Jodhpur Beige sandstones exhibited higher compressive strength and lower porosity, suggesting greater durability, while Teak Wood sandstone displayed higher porosity and water absorption, indicating its susceptibility to environmental deterioration. The study also establishes empirical correlations linking physical and mechanical properties, hence it can aid in property predictions especially in situations where certain tests cannot be conducted such as heritage conservation, where non-destructive evaluation is critical, and for modern construction, where rapid property estimation is essential. The comprehensive documentation of sandstone properties and developing correlations specific to Indian geological contexts can facilitate performance predictions. This study contributes to the sustainable use of sandstones in construction and heritage preservation.