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Olive husk (OH), a plentiful by-product of olive oil production, offers promising potential as a renewable aggregate in sustainable construction. This study investigates three modification pathways, alkali treatment with 6% NaOH (ATOH), controlled thermal treatment (TTOH), and biopolymer coating with gum arabic (GAOH), to enhance OH’s compatibility with cementitious and other mineral binders. The treatments were designed to reduce residual oil content and improve interfacial bonding while preserving OH’s inherent dual structure, comprising compacted olive stones and a fibrous fraction. Performance was assessed against key application-oriented specifications: reduced hydrophobicity for improved binder adhesion, retention of particle integrity to maintain structural duality, low thermal conductivity for insulation efficiency, and optimised density/porosity balance to ensure lightweight performance without compromising durability. Characterisation, following RILEM TC 236-BBM protocols, included bulk density, porosity, thermal conductivity, water absorption, and particle size distribution, complemented by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal treatment achieved the lowest density (450.7 kg·m⁻3), highest porosity (54.0%), and best insulation performance (λ = 0.0838 W·m⁻1·K−1). Alkali treatment markedly reduced oil content, improving microstructural integration despite higher water uptake (62.1%), while GAOH yielded the densest structure (592.1 kg·m⁻3, 41.6% porosity) with reduced water absorption (53.8%) but higher conductivity (λ = 0.1024 W·m−1·K−1). Particle size analysis revealed fibre disaggregation for ATOH and TTOH, enhancing dispersion, whereas GAOH induced controlled agglomeration. Thermal and chemical analyses confirmed treatment-specific modifications, including lignin/hemicellulose reduction (ATOH), partial cellulose degradation (TTOH), and gum arabic driven surface functionalisation (GAOH). These findings demonstrate that targeted treatments can tailor OH properties for integration into high-performance, lightweight, and thermally efficient bio-based composites.

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Enhancing Olive Husk Properties Through Alkali, Thermal, and Biopolymer Treatments for Sustainable Building Applications

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Halima Belhadad,
  • Bellel Nadir,
  • Ana Bras

摘要

Olive husk (OH), a plentiful by-product of olive oil production, offers promising potential as a renewable aggregate in sustainable construction. This study investigates three modification pathways, alkali treatment with 6% NaOH (ATOH), controlled thermal treatment (TTOH), and biopolymer coating with gum arabic (GAOH), to enhance OH’s compatibility with cementitious and other mineral binders. The treatments were designed to reduce residual oil content and improve interfacial bonding while preserving OH’s inherent dual structure, comprising compacted olive stones and a fibrous fraction. Performance was assessed against key application-oriented specifications: reduced hydrophobicity for improved binder adhesion, retention of particle integrity to maintain structural duality, low thermal conductivity for insulation efficiency, and optimised density/porosity balance to ensure lightweight performance without compromising durability. Characterisation, following RILEM TC 236-BBM protocols, included bulk density, porosity, thermal conductivity, water absorption, and particle size distribution, complemented by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal treatment achieved the lowest density (450.7 kg·m⁻3), highest porosity (54.0%), and best insulation performance (λ = 0.0838 W·m⁻1·K−1). Alkali treatment markedly reduced oil content, improving microstructural integration despite higher water uptake (62.1%), while GAOH yielded the densest structure (592.1 kg·m⁻3, 41.6% porosity) with reduced water absorption (53.8%) but higher conductivity (λ = 0.1024 W·m−1·K−1). Particle size analysis revealed fibre disaggregation for ATOH and TTOH, enhancing dispersion, whereas GAOH induced controlled agglomeration. Thermal and chemical analyses confirmed treatment-specific modifications, including lignin/hemicellulose reduction (ATOH), partial cellulose degradation (TTOH), and gum arabic driven surface functionalisation (GAOH). These findings demonstrate that targeted treatments can tailor OH properties for integration into high-performance, lightweight, and thermally efficient bio-based composites.