The ability of a substance to produce direct DNA damage, otherwise known as genotoxicity, is associated with a variety of adverse effects, including neoplasia. Thus, to ensure their safety to consumers, ingredients in cosmetic and personal care products should undergo evaluation for the presence of genotoxic properties, in particular, their ability to induce mutations (mutagenicity) and/or structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities (clastogenicity and aneugenicity). While the standard genotoxicity testing battery typically includes in vitro tests with potential in vivo follow-up, regulations in certain countries prohibit the use of animals for the safety evaluation of cosmetic products and ingredients, encouraging the adoption of alternative methods. This chapter provides an overview of the available assays for genotoxicity testing of cosmetic ingredients and outlines regulatory frameworks applied to cosmetics and personal care products worldwide. Several examples of cosmetic ingredients of concern are also discussed.