The second chapter goes into detail with ideal and non-ideal theories. It deals with analyses of political philosophy and translates them into bioethics. It reviews the different conceptual distinctions and some of the debates and criticisms of the ideal and the non-ideal. It justifies the decision-making mechanism developed in the first chapter because when it is assumed there is a multiplicity of theories with a different degree of ideality that are valid and that there are valuable elements we can rescue from the ideal and non- ideal proposals; a decision- making mechanism such as the one proposed is needed. This chapter makes explicit some of the theoretical elements presented or suggested in the first chapter. This is the book’s most theoretical chapter, with a meta-bioethical focus, adapting political philosophy’s debates to bioethics.