This edited volume explores the historical and philosophical interactions between Confucianism and Buddhism, a topic still underexamined in contemporary scholarship. Rather than merely summarizing the chapters, this introduction proposes a new methodological framework, Coexistence Through Opposition, to better understand the evolving relationship between these two traditions. This framework identifies three modes of interaction: (1) Contrapuntal Tension, where productive differences strengthen each tradition’s identity; (2) Contextual Adoption, where one tradition selectively absorbs elements of the other; and (3) Creative Synthesis, where long-term interaction yields new cultural and philosophical forms. By emphasizing the diachronic dimension of engagement, this approach offers a more dynamic model for interpreting cross-traditional interactions. It seeks to complement and expand conventional frameworks in comparative philosophy and religion by highlighting processes of mutual transformation over time.