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This research was conducted in a corrugated cardboard production facility to reduce freshwater use and limit wastewater discharge during flexographic printing. A factorial experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the cleaning program (CP), ink color class, and detergent concentration on the efficiency of ink circuit cleaning. Response surface models exhibited strong predictive capability for both ink removal and water usage, with determination coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.99. The optimal cleaning conditions were ink-dependent: for color class 1, the highest performance was achieved using program CP1 with 2% detergent, while for class 2, program CP2 combined with 2% detergent proved most effective. Under these conditions, water consumption was reduced by up to 26%. This work highlights the potential of design of experiments as a powerful tool for sustainable process optimization and provides a transferable approach to improve resource efficiency in auxiliary industrial operations.

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Sustainable Water Management in the Cardboard Industry: An Experimental Design Approach

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Soukaina Harif,
  • Moulay Abdelazize Aboulhassan,
  • Rachid Faouzi,
  • Hossain El Ouarghi

摘要

This research was conducted in a corrugated cardboard production facility to reduce freshwater use and limit wastewater discharge during flexographic printing. A factorial experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the cleaning program (CP), ink color class, and detergent concentration on the efficiency of ink circuit cleaning. Response surface models exhibited strong predictive capability for both ink removal and water usage, with determination coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.99. The optimal cleaning conditions were ink-dependent: for color class 1, the highest performance was achieved using program CP1 with 2% detergent, while for class 2, program CP2 combined with 2% detergent proved most effective. Under these conditions, water consumption was reduced by up to 26%. This work highlights the potential of design of experiments as a powerful tool for sustainable process optimization and provides a transferable approach to improve resource efficiency in auxiliary industrial operations.