This chapter explores factors that cause landslips vulnerability among tribal populations in the Nilgiri district, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The three latent constructs have been integrated in the analysis, which includes risk perception, mitigation behavior, and institutional trust, and their effect on perceived vulnerability. The model has good fit indices (CFI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.050, GFI = 0.970) using a sample of 169 respondents and 22 observed variables, which prove the reliability of the proposed structure. The findings indicate that perception of risk (+ = 0.475) has the most impact on vulnerability followed by mitigation (+ = 0.446) and trust (+ = 0.258). The main variables, including but not limited to, the Alert from government and Trust at government, were discovered to have significant influence on the mitigation behavior and trust respectively. The paper discusses the significance of integrating scientific modeling and local perceptions to comprehend the complexity of disaster vulnerability. The practical implication of these findings in terms of policy and disaster management are community-specific interventions and participatory methods of reducing landslide risk in environmentally vulnerable areas.