This chapter explores various psychotherapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), nondirective supportive therapy (NDST), psychodynamic psychotherapy, and mindfulness-based interventions. Due to the high comorbidity of depressive disorders with anxiety and panic disorders, this overview also includes psychotherapeutic approaches to treating anxiety disorders. Evidence-based special CBT interventions for managing panic and anxiety are also discussed. In a 2019 meta-analytic review, 15 evidence-supported therapies for adult depression were examined. They encompassed a range from acceptance and commitment therapy to interpersonal psychotherapy. Despite finding high levels of heterogeneity, publication bias, and risk of bias in many studies, the pooled effect size for all psychotherapies was significant. But challenges like heterogeneity persisted, indicating inconclusive evidence. However, the authors suggested there was potential effectiveness of these therapies in depression treatment. Recent developments in psychological treatments of depression highlight the effectiveness of psychotherapies in primary care, especially when delivered via e-health applications or by lay counselors. Behavioral activation therapy, less complex than CBT, was found to be equally effective. Treating subthreshold depression with CBT may prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and yield longer-lasting effects compared to pharmacological treatment and is preferred by most patients. Understanding interactions between critical periods and genetics reveals core cognitive endophenotypes, suggesting the possibilities of more personalized treatments targeting precise mediators.