Land use and Land cover (LULC) changes from the rapid urbanization, affects the local climatic conditions, especially the Land Surface Temperature (LST). The present study determined the connection between LULC dynamics and LST fluctuation using remote sensing data and GIS tools for Bhopal City. The study examines changes in land cover types and their impacts on the thermal properties of the urban environment, considering five multi-decadal time frames: 1992, 2001, 2010, 2020, and 2024. In this study, the Landsat data were utilized to compute the LST and LULC. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) spectral indices were also calculated along with LST and LULC. The changes in LULC shows significant changes in these environmental indices. Interpretation of such indices with LST supports calculation of significant land surface reflectance values. The overlay analysis of LULC, LST and environmental indices were done to identify the effects of LST on individual LULC class. The result shows that the LST has increases in Barren land and Built up class and decreases in vegetation and waterbodies. Regions with higher NDVI and NDWI values have relatively lower temperatures than NDBI with higher values. The study presents a well-integrated remote sensing and GIS approach to track urban heat patterns, reflecting an increase in urban development that affects local thermal conditions. The results are essential for policymakers and urban planners creating climate-resilient, sustainable urban landscapes in rapidly developing cities.