Bispecific Antibodies and Immune Cell Engagers
摘要
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are uniquely constructed molecules composed of Fab and Fc fragments that merge cytotoxic immune cells with tumor cells to effect tumor cell lysis. They are off-the-shelf T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies that have distinct advantages over immune checkpoint inhibitors by being MHC molecule independent and do not rely on the complex manufacturing process involved in chimeric antigen T-cell therapies. First approved for hematologic malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL)), and multiple myeloma, bispecific antibodies such as amivantamab have indications for solid tumors. A new form of bispecific antibodies combining checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-1 are in development, and an investigational BsAb when combined with lenvatinib is showing efficacy in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Immune-related adverse events such as hematologic malignancies, cytokine release syndrome, and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) accompany the administration of bispecific antibodies and must be appropriately managed.