New technological advances in water treatment systems encompass chemical, physical and physicochemical techniques. However, the biggest challenge is on the resulting waste loads that emanate from chemical usage and suboptimal productivity. Ion exchange water treatment plants are usually cognizant of the wastewater concentrations and therefore aim at balancing the mineral composition to match that of pure natural waters. Ion exchange process involves ion transfer from an aqueous solution by other essential acceptable ions. For instance, in hardwater, the calcium and magnesium ions responsible for the hardness are removed from the water by displacing them with sodium ions. Similarly, other dissolved ions in wastewater such as heavy metals, nitrogen, sulphate and phosphates among other dissolved ions. The exchange material is characterized with numerous ionizing groups attached to surface by electrostatic force. The ion exchange process can be intensified by electro-deionization; use of activators and catalysts; magnetic field and ultrasound mechanism.