Membrane-based electrodialysis (ED) helps improve desalination and the reuse of wastewater by using a more sustainable and energy-saving method compared to earlier options. This chapter brings up the examples of ED being used to address difficulties such as water scarcity and pollution. The imposition of an electric field on the ion-selective membranes used in ED makes it easy to separate and accurately recover salts and impurities from water. Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and using ED in combination with other processes are now being applied to make the process more efficient to treat different kinds of feed waters. It explains recent advances in membranes, such as those that prevent fouling and can select specific ions, which have contributed greatly to enhancing the lifespan and output of the system. Examples are shown where electrochemical desalination is applied in seawater desalination, brackish water treatment and industrial wastewater reuse, pointing out the chances for recovering important resources such as nutrients and salt. The importance of energy efficiency in tackling greenhouse gas emissions by shrinking energy use is studied, as well as the problems associated with scaling and high costs. This chapter looks closely at the newest trends and how they apply in practical ways, showing why ED is key to circular water management and reaching sustainable development ways to integrate and research effective water policy directions are provided to drive the global adoption of ED.