Trends in Clean Technology Development and Deployment: Brief Outlook on Floating Offshore Wind, Repowering, CCUS, BESS, Power-to-X, Smart Grids and Digitalization in Renewables
摘要
Technology is a significant aspect of Renewable Energy Infrastructure. It can feature more or less variability depending on the source of energy used and can be a widespread form of technology (hydropower, wind, solar PV, and somewhat batteries) or a recent development such as hybrid systems with green hydrogen or floating solar PV/offshore wind. Technology, if unproven, can represent a risk factor in the financing process, especially because the entire project depends on it and its operational reliability. Some lenders simply categorically rule out prototype-stage equipment which is in line with their principles. Yet, the ever-growing market competition pushes sponsors to consider the newest models in their planning to take advantage of efficiency enhancements. Their objective: reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) to be able to submit bids competitive enough to win in auctions. The equipment representing up to 60–70% of the total capital expenditure, sponsors are in constant negotiation with the OEMs. They keep their technological benchmarking up to date to be ready for complex RFP processes and excelling in procurement bargaining ‘games’, in a market where competitors’ consolidation has reduced the number of players and created a risky oligopoly, which limits the possibility of diversifying the supplier's portfolio. Understanding what is at stake when talking about today’s and tomorrow’s technology helps prepare procurement strategy and anticipate the project development for the years to come, thereby avoiding technology obsolescence. In addition, having the complete overview of the technologies (e.g. green hydrogen-based efuels, carbon capture, smart grids and energy storage) needed to enable a full transformation of the energy system, and what these technologies entail in terms of risk, helps identify new business opportunities in the energy transition in line with one’s risk appetite.