This chapter turns to the dialogical philosophy of Martin Buber in order to lay the foundation for the development of an ethics of the second-person relation. It begins by examining what Buber regards as the two fundamental modes of existence, i.e. the I-You and the I-It relation, and shows that moral philosophy conceives of interpersonal relations mostly in terms of the I-It. It then explores the distinguishing feature of the I-You, its unmediatedness, as well as other central motifs, such as the inseparability of I and You, Buber’s notion of the whole being and the relation between speaking-with and speaking-about.