Arthroscopic Management of Pincer Femoroacetabular Impingement
摘要
Pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by acetabular over-coverage of the femoral head, which can be focal or global, leading to significant hip dysfunction and cartilage damage. This chapter explores the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and arthroscopic techniques for managing Pincer FAI. Retroversion, coxa profunda, protrusio acetabuli, and os acetabuli are identified as key etiologies, with clinical presentations ranging from groin pain to mechanical symptoms such as locking and stiffness. Diagnostic evaluations integrate advanced imaging modalities, including radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm acetabular deformities and associated chondrolabral injuries. Surgical management aims to restore hip joint biomechanics by reshaping the acetabular rim and addressing labral injuries. Techniques such as rim trimming, labral repair or reconstruction, and capsular management are detailed, emphasizing the importance of preoperative planning, intraoperative imaging, and careful resection to avoid complications such as microinstability. Emerging technologies like three-dimensional (3D) imaging and artificial intelligence (AI)-based cartilage analysis are discussed as future tools for improving diagnosis and surgical outcomes. Complications, including neuropraxia, iatrogenic chondrolabral injury, and heterotopic ossification, are analyzed, with strategies to mitigate risks. This chapter provides an evidence-based approach to Pincer FAI management, highlighting the role of precise surgical techniques in optimizing functional outcomes and preventing osteoarthritis progression.