ACL Augmentation (Selective Bundle ACL Reconstruction)
摘要
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two anatomically and functionally distinct structures named anteromedial and posterolateral bundles. Partial ACL tears, intended as tears involving exclusively one of the two bundles, are reported to account for almost a third of all ACL lesions, and their treatment can be either conservative or surgical. Arthroscopic reconstruction should be proposed to young, active, highly functional patients willing to return to pivoting and contact sports, given the worse clinical results of conservative treatment, in terms of residual stability and risk of tear progression, in such patients. On the other hand, surgical reconstruction can consist of either a standard ACL reconstruction procedure, removing also the intact bundle, or a selective ACL augmentation procedure in which the torn bundle is reconstructed, sparing the intact one and preserving its biology, innervation, and vascularization. Several studies reported excellent functional results after ACL augmentation with selective bundle reconstruction for partial ACL tears at short- and medium-term follow-up. Furthermore, two recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses found ACL augmentation to be equal, if not superior, to complete ACL reconstruction in terms of failures, residual laxity, and functional results when treating partial ACL lesions.