Over the recent years, peroneal tendoscopy has gained increased popularity both as a diagnostic and treatment modality due to several advantages in relation to open techniques. In patients with a strong clinical suspicion of a peroneal tendon pathology, but absence of imaging confirmation, tendoscopy can serve as a minimally invasive, highly accurate diagnostic modality. Moreover, it provides easy transition to arthroscopic or (minimally invasive) treatment techniques. In comparison with traditional open-treatment procedures, peroneal tendoscopy allows visualization of the tendons from the myotendinous junction up to the peroneal tubercle without causing damage to the surrounding tissues or the vincula; it provides dynamical evaluation of the tendons and is associated with less morbidity, smaller scars, less postoperative pain and complications, functional postoperative treatment, and good functional outcomes. This chapter provides a structured, step-by-step guide to peroneal tendoscopy, emphasizing technical considerations and highlighting clinically relevant features such as anatomy, patient history, clinical examination, and diagnostic evaluation of peroneal tendon pathology.