Environmental contamination driven by accelerated industrialization, population expansion, and intensive agricultural activity poses serious ecological and human health challenges. Among these, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) stands out due to its extreme toxicity, mobility, and persistence in natural systems. Conventional remediation approaches such as adsorption, chemical treatment, reverse osmosis, coagulation, and ion exchange are often laborious, resource-intensive, and sometimes ineffective across diverse media including soil, water, and air. In response, nanotechnology presents novel and promising alternatives in this direction. Engineered nanomaterials, with their high surface area, enhanced reactivity, and tunable properties, offer innovative and efficient strategies for Cr(VI) mitigation. This chapter delves into the principles, nanomaterial classifications, and recent technological breakthroughs using nano-scale interventions for chromium remediation from the environment.