This chapter presents a comprehensive literature review of the fundamental concepts and technical background that support the research in this thesis, focused on two-dimensional (2D) materials and their multiphysical behaviour at the nanoscale. It begins with an overview of the structural, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of representative 2D materials, emphasizing their anisotropy, tunability and relevance in next-generation technologies. The review then explores key fabrication strategies, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition and a variety of lithographic and scanning probe-based patterning techniques. Particular attention is given to the integration of electrical contacts, which is essential for enabling functional nanodevices. The chapter proceeds with an examination of characterisation methodologies, ranging from conventional microscopy and spectroscopy to advanced scanning probe techniques used to probe nanomechanical, electrical and thermal responses with high spatial resolution. Finally, the discussion extends to advanced physical phenomena emerging in 2D systems, including directional heat transport, interfacial thermal resistance and coupled behaviours such as thermoelectric and electromechanical effects. By identifying gaps in the current understanding of these phenomena, this chapter defines the motivation and research directions pursued in the experimental chapters that follow.