The Arctic region is experiencing the negative effects of climate change at double or even triple the rate of other regions. There is an urgent need for comprehensive research that will examine its future transformational impact on numerous areas of human life governed by public law and policy. The tensions between addressing the effects of climate change and protecting human rights, especially Indigenous peoples’ rights, are especially important to consider when aiming at a sustainable future. Critical social scientists warn that Agenda 2030 and the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) set to achieve it are failing in terms of engaging with alternative ways of perceiving development. This chapter will analyse how the specific circumstances of Arctic livelihoods complicate the application of the SDGs and examine the role of human rights and human duties vis-à-vis the environment. After a general introduction to the research scene and setting, a synergy analysis between different SDG indicators will be carried out. The outcome of that analysis will be discussed with the help of ethnographic research materials. The thesis is that SDGs are in severe danger of merely reproducing the existing colonial logics: in the case of Indigenous peoples of the European North, their homelands continue to be seen as a resource frontier in service of the majority population.