This chapter examines how environmental governance and conservation in the Arctic can be rethought and decolonised, particularly in relation to Sustainable Development Goals 13 (Climate Action) and 14 (Life Below Water). It argues that prevailing conservation discourses, influenced by scientific narratives of ecological crisis and visual portrayals of melting glaciers and charismatic wildlife, marginalise Indigenous perspectives and knowledge systems. Drawing upon extensive anthropological research in the High Arctic, the chapter critiques the technocratic and top-down approaches that dominate global conservation strategies, which frequently overlook the cultural, social, and economic realities of Inuit communities. Through exploring initiatives such as Indigenous Protected Areas, collaborative management frameworks, and Indigenous-driven conservation initiatives like the Pikialasorsuaq Commission, the chapter demonstrates how meaningful integration of Indigenous knowledge and leadership can facilitate more just and effective environmental governance. By situating these issues within broader debates on colonial legacies, epistemic justice, and participatory governance, the chapter advocates for environmental policies that genuinely reflect Indigenous rights, sovereignty, and lived experiences. Ultimately, it calls for transformative action that moves beyond mere recognition towards inclusive models of co-created conservation practices capable of addressing both ecological sustainability and social equity.