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The foundation for good cardiovascular health includes modifiable health behaviors and factors defined by the American Heart Association in Life’s Essential 8 (Lloyd-Jones DM et al. Circulation 146:e18–e43, 2022). Stages of prevention include primordial (prevention of risk factor development), primary (prevention of disease in at-risk individuals), and secondary (prevention of recurrent disease) (Steinberger J et al. Circulation 134:e236–e255, 2016). Secondary prevention is less common in youth by virtue of the time it takes for CVD to develop. By assessing risk factors and health behaviors in conjunction with environmental factors in early life, there is an opportunity to intervene before the development of CVD. Secondary prevention of CVD in children is much less common in the general population and more relevant with rare diagnoses such as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Social determinants of health influence risk factor development for CVD, combined with a complex interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and individuals have a role in improving CVH of the population. This chapter will focus on known contributors to both CVH and disease, lifestyle interventions, and future directions for reducing CVD risk factor burden, beginning in youth.

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Lifestyle Interventions to Promote Ideal CVH in the Young

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Carissa M. Baker-Smith,
  • Shannon M. Lyon

摘要

The foundation for good cardiovascular health includes modifiable health behaviors and factors defined by the American Heart Association in Life’s Essential 8 (Lloyd-Jones DM et al. Circulation 146:e18–e43, 2022). Stages of prevention include primordial (prevention of risk factor development), primary (prevention of disease in at-risk individuals), and secondary (prevention of recurrent disease) (Steinberger J et al. Circulation 134:e236–e255, 2016). Secondary prevention is less common in youth by virtue of the time it takes for CVD to develop. By assessing risk factors and health behaviors in conjunction with environmental factors in early life, there is an opportunity to intervene before the development of CVD. Secondary prevention of CVD in children is much less common in the general population and more relevant with rare diagnoses such as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Social determinants of health influence risk factor development for CVD, combined with a complex interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and individuals have a role in improving CVH of the population. This chapter will focus on known contributors to both CVH and disease, lifestyle interventions, and future directions for reducing CVD risk factor burden, beginning in youth.