Sustainable waste management is necessary for solving environmental problems due to pollution, resource depletion, and the increasing need for efficient waste disposal. This chapter examines vermicomposting as an environmentally friendly and biological method of managing and using organic waste. An overview of sustainable waste management concepts is considered before the developmental history of vermicomposting and its relative benefits over conventional waste treatment techniques. The chapter explores the biological and chemical underpinnings of vermicomposting, emphasizing the function of earthworms and the variables such as feedstock, temperature, moisture, and aeration that affect the process. Additionally, the chapter classifies the types of organic and industrial wastes that are suitable for vermicomposting. The significance of choosing the correct earthworm species is emphasized. To create high-quality compost, the vermicomposting process is explained in depth, including the best procedures for system setup, upkeep, and quality control. The wide range of environmental, financial, and social advantages of vermicomposting from waste minimization and soil improvement to business prospects and community involvement is also covered. The chapter provides insightful lessons and best practices by showcasing successful global vermicomposting projects from the agricultural, municipal, and industrial sectors through case studies. Finally, prospects are presented, covering advancements in vermicomposting technology, integration with other waste management systems, and possible roles in carbon sequestration and climate resilience. The chapter ends by highlighting the critical role that vermicomposting plays in promoting sustainable waste management and soil health improvement for agriculture.