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The environmental footprint of the production and use of building materials is a parameter that needs attention, considering the intensity of the construction industry in terms of energy consumption and emission production. Traditional materials used in conservation works are considered intuitively sustainable, mainly due to their locality and proved durability. However, there are examples, like lime-based materials and systems, that are being used extensively in conservation and restoration and are still the product of emission-intensive practices. Despite the efforts to optimize production processes to reduce emissions, there is a great interest in the behavior of lime-based systems during their use phase, regarding their carbonation capacity. This mechanism, a process of CO2 migration from the environment to the material, can lead potentially to a negative impact of the construction’s footprint during its life cycle. For this study, the impact of lime-based systems after carbonation is being assessed. Specimens of mortars incorporating two distinct traditional binders (hydrated lime, natural pozzolan) have been exposed both to natural atmospheric and accelerated carbonation. The serviceability of the material was assessed through mechanical properties’ testing (compressive and flexural strength). The carbonation rate was assessed with Deferential Thermal Analysis (DTA) methodology, at different time intervals during a period of 180 days. Carbonation results of corresponding pastes were correlated with the results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the mortars, to achieve a more holistic approach, according to the framework of whole life-cycle carbon (WLC) assessment methodology. Results lead to an improvement of the mortar’s carbon footprint up to 37% throughout its 100-year life cycle. This showcases that despite its relatively small scale and demanding prediction, sequestration of CO2 due to carbonation of lime-based mortars can be quantified and considered in a holistic approach of the environmental profile of conservation works.

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Carbonation of Lime-Based Mortars, a Parameter of Whole Life-Cycle Carbon Assessment (WLC)

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Alexandros Liapis,
  • Dimitrios Baliakas,
  • Eirini-Xrisanthi Tsardaka,
  • Maria Stefanidou

摘要

The environmental footprint of the production and use of building materials is a parameter that needs attention, considering the intensity of the construction industry in terms of energy consumption and emission production. Traditional materials used in conservation works are considered intuitively sustainable, mainly due to their locality and proved durability. However, there are examples, like lime-based materials and systems, that are being used extensively in conservation and restoration and are still the product of emission-intensive practices. Despite the efforts to optimize production processes to reduce emissions, there is a great interest in the behavior of lime-based systems during their use phase, regarding their carbonation capacity. This mechanism, a process of CO2 migration from the environment to the material, can lead potentially to a negative impact of the construction’s footprint during its life cycle. For this study, the impact of lime-based systems after carbonation is being assessed. Specimens of mortars incorporating two distinct traditional binders (hydrated lime, natural pozzolan) have been exposed both to natural atmospheric and accelerated carbonation. The serviceability of the material was assessed through mechanical properties’ testing (compressive and flexural strength). The carbonation rate was assessed with Deferential Thermal Analysis (DTA) methodology, at different time intervals during a period of 180 days. Carbonation results of corresponding pastes were correlated with the results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the mortars, to achieve a more holistic approach, according to the framework of whole life-cycle carbon (WLC) assessment methodology. Results lead to an improvement of the mortar’s carbon footprint up to 37% throughout its 100-year life cycle. This showcases that despite its relatively small scale and demanding prediction, sequestration of CO2 due to carbonation of lime-based mortars can be quantified and considered in a holistic approach of the environmental profile of conservation works.