This paper investigates the use of multimodal large language models (LLMs) for classifying social media posts in disaster response. Using the CrisisMMD dataset, we evaluate two proprietary models—GPT-4o and GPT-4o mini under zero-shot and few-shot setting, and evaluate the open-source LLaMA 3.2 11B across zero-shot, one-shot, and fine-tuned settings, on two classification tasks spanning seven real-world disaster events. Our results show that zero-shot multimodal LLMs demonstrate reasonable generalization, while one-shot and five-shot prompting do not consistently improve performance. In contrast, fine-tuned open-source models—especially LLaMA 3.2 11B, substantially outperform all zero- and few-shot settings, particularly on complex tasks. We also observe that the LLaMA 3.2 11B model struggles with few-shot multimodal inputs involving multiple images, resulting in a performance drop in one-shot experiments compared to zero-shot. Fine-tuning LLaMA 3.2 11B on both single- and multimodal inputs achieves state-of-the-art results. Moreover, lightweight text-only models such as LLaMA 3.2 1B and 3B, when fine-tuned, can match or surpass previously best-performing approaches. These findings underscore the value of task-specific fine-tuning and offer a cost-effective path for applying optimized multimodal LLMs in real-time disaster response. Our code is available at this link .

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Multimodal Disaster-Related Tweet Classification with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models

  • Dongping Guo,
  • Anh Tran,
  • Xinli Xiao,
  • Hongmin Li,
  • Doina Caragea

摘要

This paper investigates the use of multimodal large language models (LLMs) for classifying social media posts in disaster response. Using the CrisisMMD dataset, we evaluate two proprietary models—GPT-4o and GPT-4o mini under zero-shot and few-shot setting, and evaluate the open-source LLaMA 3.2 11B across zero-shot, one-shot, and fine-tuned settings, on two classification tasks spanning seven real-world disaster events. Our results show that zero-shot multimodal LLMs demonstrate reasonable generalization, while one-shot and five-shot prompting do not consistently improve performance. In contrast, fine-tuned open-source models—especially LLaMA 3.2 11B, substantially outperform all zero- and few-shot settings, particularly on complex tasks. We also observe that the LLaMA 3.2 11B model struggles with few-shot multimodal inputs involving multiple images, resulting in a performance drop in one-shot experiments compared to zero-shot. Fine-tuning LLaMA 3.2 11B on both single- and multimodal inputs achieves state-of-the-art results. Moreover, lightweight text-only models such as LLaMA 3.2 1B and 3B, when fine-tuned, can match or surpass previously best-performing approaches. These findings underscore the value of task-specific fine-tuning and offer a cost-effective path for applying optimized multimodal LLMs in real-time disaster response. Our code is available at this link .