This paper presents an analysis of data obtained from forensic examinations of traffic accidents involving vulnerable road users—pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. The research encompassed 71 individuals involved in 35 accidents that occurred within the territory of the Republic of Srpska. The primary objective was to identify factors that are statistically associated with the severity of accident outcomes, with particular emphasis on the type of road user, road conditions, driver behavior, and spatial characteristics. The analysis employed both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including the chi-square (χ2) test, correlation analysis, and t-test, using SPSS software. The results revealed statistically significant associations between injury severity and road user type, pavement condition, and road classification. Conversely, factors such as visibility, age, vehicle maneuvering, and speeding did not demonstrate statistically significant relationships within this sample. The findings underscore the need for targeted safety interventions aimed at protecting vulnerable road users, as well as the importance of consistent and systematic data collection during the forensic investigation of traffic accidents.