Systems of Discipline and the Application of Remedial Management Action in Policing
摘要
This chapter investigates the systems of discipline that underpin accountability in policing, focusing on the management of emerging misconduct-prone officers. It situates discipline as essential for both organisational integrity and public trust, highlighting how inconsistent or opaque practices undermine legitimacy. Historically, agencies relied heavily on punitive approaches, assuming that sanctions would deter deviance. However, such models often produced short-term compliance rather than lasting behavioural change and at times prioritised bureaucratic infractions over serious community harms. In contrast, remedial approaches emphasise early identification, support, and corrective intervention, aiming to rehabilitate officers while preventing escalation. Drawing on an analysis of demographic and complaint-related data, results show that visible and publicly observable misconduct, such as rudeness, use of force, and custody incidents, most strongly predicted a management intervention, while internal or less publicly observable issues were less likely to result in management action. This suggested that discipline was shaped as much by legitimacy concerns as by proportionality. The chapter concludes that systems of discipline must balance fairness, transparency, and consistency to be respected both internally by officers and externally by the community. Ultimately, such a system will reap the benefit of sustaining officer welfare alongside maintaining public confidence in policing.