Traditional cryptographic system designs often suffer from monolithic structures, limiting modularity, reusability, and maintainability—a significant challenge for complex encryption algorithms. This paper addresses these limitations by presenting the design and evaluation of a lightweight encryption framework based on the LEA-CBD (Lightweight Encryption Algorithm—Component-Based Development) approach. The proposed method uniquely emphasizes modularity and reusability through the systematic identification of encryption components and their organization within a structured repository, complete with classification and metadata. To validate this design, an LEA-128-based encryption process was rigorously implemented for video data. Experimental results unequivocally demonstrate that the CBD-based method substantially enhances development efficiency, facilitates flexible updates, and effectively meets the stringent security requirements of resource-constrained systems like IoT devices. This study, therefore, provides a robust and practical foundation for the structured development of encryption systems in embedded environments, paving the way for more adaptable and maintainable cryptographic solutions.