Psychiatry is the medical field focused on mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. As mental processes, emotions, and behaviors all arise from the functions of the brain, the brain is psychiatry’s target organ. Understanding the target organ must be a central experience in learning psychiatry. Historical retreats from neuroscience are clearly outdated yet still impact educational structures, creating barriers to learning and applying a modern understanding of psychiatric neuroscience. Modern psychiatry must center on neuroscience in the understanding of all presentations, diagnoses, formulations, and treatment plans. In this chapter, the historical relationships between psychiatric education and neuroscience are reviewed along with current barriers and modern solutions.