Expanding the Moral Circle
摘要
Taking inspiration from Peter Singer’s work on moral expansion and the animal rights movement, this chapter explores how the moral circle might be extended to encompass artificial entities. It distinguishes between three models of moral status recognition: threshold, degree-based, and hybrid. The chapter also unpacks the distinction between moral agency (capacity to make moral decisions) and moral patiency (capacity to be wronged), showing how both could eventually apply to intelligent machines. Various philosophical perspectives are mapped, including sentience-based and sapience-based views, and a brief critical dialogue is established with sceptics like Véliz and Moosavi. The chapter closes by asserting that robot rights are a forward-looking moral necessity.