This chapter dives into the fascinating world of animal intelligence and asks a vital question: are modern zoos doing enough to meet the cognitive needs of the animals in their care? As our understanding of animal minds has grown, thanks to research in comparative cognition, animal behaviour, and zoo science, it has become increasingly clear that many species possess rich mental lives. From problem-solving birds to tool-using primates and socially complex elephants, animals are far more mentally sophisticated than once believed. With this knowledge comes responsibility. Animals in zoos are not just physical beings with basic needs—they are also thinking, feeling individuals who require mental stimulation to thrive. This chapter explores how zoos are responding to that challenge. It critically examines the use of environmental enrichment, cognitive challenges, and positive reinforcement training as tools to support an animals’ psychological welfare. It will also consider whether puzzle feeders, scent trails, and interactive objects are enough? and whether training sessions provide meaningful engagement, or are they just routine? We’ll also look at the practical challenges zoos face in delivering cognitive stimulation: limited staff time, budget constraints, enclosure design, and the difficulty of tailoring enrichment to the specific needs of hundreds of different species. Some animals, particularly those in traditional display settings, may still experience boredom or frustration,raising important ethical questions about how we design and manage zoo environments. Ultimately, this chapter invites you to consider what it means to care for an animal’s mind, not just its body. By exploring both the successes and shortcomings of current zoo practices, it encourages a deeper conversation about how we can create environments that truly support the mental and emotional lives of animals in human care.