This study examines the effectiveness of Morocco’s Thermal Regulation for Construction (RTCM) and France’s Environmental Regulation (RE2020) in reducing building energy consumption and carbon emissions. With buildings contributing significantly to global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, effective regulatory frameworks are crucial for meeting climate goals. France and Morocco represent two distinct climatic and regulatory contexts. France addresses both heating and cooling needs across varied climatic zones, while Morocco faces rising cooling demands due to urbanization and arid conditions. Although both countries aim to enhance energy efficiency, their regulations differ in scope, implementation, and alignment with international standards. This study compares RTCM and RE2020 based on envelope performance, energy use, indoor and outdoor environmental quality, renewable energy integration, and smart building technologies. It uses a qualitative synthesis of regulatory texts and benchmark assessments, referencing global standards such as ASHRAE, ISO, and EPBD. Findings show that Morocco’s RTCM lacks enforceable limits on energy consumption and IEQ parameters, relying heavily on international standards for guidance. France’s RE2020, in contrast, offers a comprehensive, enforceable framework aligned with carbon neutrality goals, though it could benefit from more adaptive comfort modeling and occupant behavior integration. The study proposes optimal baseline benchmarks for key performance indicators such as U-values, energy limits, IAQ thresholds, and renewable integration. These benchmarks provide a framework for evaluating building performance within each country's regulatory system. Policy recommendations support stronger enforcement in Morocco and more flexible, occupant-aware, and smart management approaches in France.

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Optimal Baseline Benchmarks for Building Energy Performance Indicators: A Synthesis of Moroccan and French Building Standards and Regulations

  • Houda Er-retby,
  • Mohamed Oualid Mghazli,
  • Myriam Bahrar,
  • Mohamed El Mankibi,
  • Mostafa Benzaazoua

摘要

This study examines the effectiveness of Morocco’s Thermal Regulation for Construction (RTCM) and France’s Environmental Regulation (RE2020) in reducing building energy consumption and carbon emissions. With buildings contributing significantly to global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, effective regulatory frameworks are crucial for meeting climate goals. France and Morocco represent two distinct climatic and regulatory contexts. France addresses both heating and cooling needs across varied climatic zones, while Morocco faces rising cooling demands due to urbanization and arid conditions. Although both countries aim to enhance energy efficiency, their regulations differ in scope, implementation, and alignment with international standards. This study compares RTCM and RE2020 based on envelope performance, energy use, indoor and outdoor environmental quality, renewable energy integration, and smart building technologies. It uses a qualitative synthesis of regulatory texts and benchmark assessments, referencing global standards such as ASHRAE, ISO, and EPBD. Findings show that Morocco’s RTCM lacks enforceable limits on energy consumption and IEQ parameters, relying heavily on international standards for guidance. France’s RE2020, in contrast, offers a comprehensive, enforceable framework aligned with carbon neutrality goals, though it could benefit from more adaptive comfort modeling and occupant behavior integration. The study proposes optimal baseline benchmarks for key performance indicators such as U-values, energy limits, IAQ thresholds, and renewable integration. These benchmarks provide a framework for evaluating building performance within each country's regulatory system. Policy recommendations support stronger enforcement in Morocco and more flexible, occupant-aware, and smart management approaches in France.