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As new EU buildings approach ultra–low-energy or near-zero-energy standards, reducing operational energy further becomes challenging. In contrast, the pre‐operational phase-which includes raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and construction-offers significant savings in primary energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, no standard exists for embodied energy. Here, we propose developing benchmarks expressed per unit of heated area that account for the building shape factor and distinguish between high‐mass and lightweight envelope systems. Using simplified examples, we demonstrate that relative assessments (e.g., PENRT or GWP per m2 of heated floor area) better reflect true environmental performance than absolute criteria.

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Benchmarks for Assessing the Embodied Primary Energy Input and Global Warming Potential

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Roman Rabenseifer,
  • Katarína Minarovičová,
  • Nataliia Mahas,
  • Martina Kalivodová,
  • Robert Provazník

摘要

As new EU buildings approach ultra–low-energy or near-zero-energy standards, reducing operational energy further becomes challenging. In contrast, the pre‐operational phase-which includes raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and construction-offers significant savings in primary energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, no standard exists for embodied energy. Here, we propose developing benchmarks expressed per unit of heated area that account for the building shape factor and distinguish between high‐mass and lightweight envelope systems. Using simplified examples, we demonstrate that relative assessments (e.g., PENRT or GWP per m2 of heated floor area) better reflect true environmental performance than absolute criteria.