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The rapid urbanisation and climate change challenges faced by tropical, dense megacities, such as Dhaka, demand a deeper integration of climatic considerations into building design, especially for enhancing daylighting and energy efficiency in educational spaces. Ensuring occupant comfort and well-being in public and educational buildings is important for fostering a productive learning environment. As part of the path toward net-zero energy buildings, passive design strategies, such as optimising building form and envelope, alongside integrating renewable energy systems, are increasingly recommended as sustainable solutions. This study focuses on the alternative design performance of a five-story educational building in Dhaka as the case building. Using simulation tools, e.g. ClimateStudio and Grasshopper, the study evaluates key performance metrics, including average illuminance, spatial daylight autonomy (sDA300/50%), annual sunlight exposure (ASE1000,250h), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) points, daylight glare probability (DGP) and energy use intensity (EUI). The research highlights the effectiveness of a hybrid approach combining envelope systems and solar panels for achieving net-zero energy performance, particularly in tropical climates. The building was evaluated across four phases: the existing building with integrated louvres; an alternative building form accommodating additional functions, considering the existing structural system; addition of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) panel facades with photovoltaic (PV) modules on the rooftop; and PV panels added on facades. The design evolved from a base case with limited daylight (mean 410 lx, 46% sDA300/50% and DGP 44.6%) to an optimised ETFE with PV façade achieving better daylight availability (mean 921 lx, 76.3% sDA300/50% and DGP 11.3%), and net-positive energy performance (gradually reduced energy use from 5,61,367 kWh/year to a surplus of 6,739 kWh/year). The findings highlight the potential of climate-adaptive building envelopes to address daylighting challenges in local contexts. This research emphasises simulation-based design and advanced façade systems for sustainable educational buildings in rapidly urbanising, high-temperature regions.

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Climate Responsive Form and Facade Design for Educational Spaces to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Building in Dhaka

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sakib Nasir Khan,
  • Md Ashikur Rahman Joarder,
  • Razin Sachi

摘要

The rapid urbanisation and climate change challenges faced by tropical, dense megacities, such as Dhaka, demand a deeper integration of climatic considerations into building design, especially for enhancing daylighting and energy efficiency in educational spaces. Ensuring occupant comfort and well-being in public and educational buildings is important for fostering a productive learning environment. As part of the path toward net-zero energy buildings, passive design strategies, such as optimising building form and envelope, alongside integrating renewable energy systems, are increasingly recommended as sustainable solutions. This study focuses on the alternative design performance of a five-story educational building in Dhaka as the case building. Using simulation tools, e.g. ClimateStudio and Grasshopper, the study evaluates key performance metrics, including average illuminance, spatial daylight autonomy (sDA300/50%), annual sunlight exposure (ASE1000,250h), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) points, daylight glare probability (DGP) and energy use intensity (EUI). The research highlights the effectiveness of a hybrid approach combining envelope systems and solar panels for achieving net-zero energy performance, particularly in tropical climates. The building was evaluated across four phases: the existing building with integrated louvres; an alternative building form accommodating additional functions, considering the existing structural system; addition of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) panel facades with photovoltaic (PV) modules on the rooftop; and PV panels added on facades. The design evolved from a base case with limited daylight (mean 410 lx, 46% sDA300/50% and DGP 44.6%) to an optimised ETFE with PV façade achieving better daylight availability (mean 921 lx, 76.3% sDA300/50% and DGP 11.3%), and net-positive energy performance (gradually reduced energy use from 5,61,367 kWh/year to a surplus of 6,739 kWh/year). The findings highlight the potential of climate-adaptive building envelopes to address daylighting challenges in local contexts. This research emphasises simulation-based design and advanced façade systems for sustainable educational buildings in rapidly urbanising, high-temperature regions.