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This chapter examines regional and global seismic hazard projects that include the territory of North Macedonia and have produced harmonized hazard maps for the wider Western Balkans and Euro-Mediterranean region. It first presents the NATO Science for Peace projects BSHAP-1 and BSHAP-2 and the BALKANS-OQ initiative. BSHAP projects developed RP95 and RP475 PSHA maps using regionally consistent seismotectonic models, smoothed-gridded seismicity, and logic-tree combinations of multiple GMPEs across participating countries. The chapter then reviews global and European models—GSHAP, SESAME, and the European Seismic Hazard Models (ESHM13 and ESHM20)—highlighting their objectives, data sources, and grid-based PGA (and spectral) hazard products. For North Macedonia, these models provide independent, externally validated hazard estimates and ensure consistency with European design practice, serving as key references for the calibration and comparison of national seismic zoning.

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Research Studies Part of Regional and Global Efforts

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Radmila Salic Makreska,
  • Zoran Milutinovic

摘要

This chapter examines regional and global seismic hazard projects that include the territory of North Macedonia and have produced harmonized hazard maps for the wider Western Balkans and Euro-Mediterranean region. It first presents the NATO Science for Peace projects BSHAP-1 and BSHAP-2 and the BALKANS-OQ initiative. BSHAP projects developed RP95 and RP475 PSHA maps using regionally consistent seismotectonic models, smoothed-gridded seismicity, and logic-tree combinations of multiple GMPEs across participating countries. The chapter then reviews global and European models—GSHAP, SESAME, and the European Seismic Hazard Models (ESHM13 and ESHM20)—highlighting their objectives, data sources, and grid-based PGA (and spectral) hazard products. For North Macedonia, these models provide independent, externally validated hazard estimates and ensure consistency with European design practice, serving as key references for the calibration and comparison of national seismic zoning.