I assess the potential for human behavior genetics research in advancing our understanding of human evolution. I argue that, despite such work in genetics producing alternate measures of heritability, it is not set up to provide evolutionary answers to questions about human variation or diversity. I pursue this by comparing and contrasting the way in which human behavior geneticists, on the one hand, and human evolutionary geneticists, on the other, pursue genetics research. Each area is guided by different research questions, different theoretical assumptions, and different uses of or understandings of key theoretical concepts. In Sect. 11.2, I outline the type of research included under the heading “human behavior genetics” and consider some examples of work on human height and educational attainment. In Sect. 11.3, I characterize human evolutionary genetics via a brief introduction to the shared theoretical assumptions and key concepts in the field and introduce a number of examples of human evolutionary genetics research. In Sect. 11.4, I compare and contrast the deployment of evolutionary concepts in human evolutionary genetics and human behavior genetics, focusing on several key concepts: trait and phenotype; genetic load; and additivity. I argue that in each of these cases, human behavior geneticists adapt evolutionary concepts to the context of their research, which is the establishment of relations between genotype and phenotype. I conclude that this move undercuts any potential for GWAS-based genetics to contribute to our understanding of human evolution.