“Safety and reliability, cost-effectiveness, and green low-carbonCarbon transition” constitute the core principles of energyEnergy management systems in iron and steel enterprises. As a pivotal secondary energyEnergy resource within the industry, the safety management and efficient utilization of byproduct gas emerge as critical components of energyEnergy governance. Addressing the core energyEnergy management goals of safety, cost-effectiveness, and low-carbonCarbon transition in steel production, this study focuses on the dynamic blast furnace gas (BFG) network at a Hebei steel plant. To enable precise digital twin-based management and mitigate gas flaring, a mathematical model of the dendritic pipeline network was developed using graph theory (incidence/circuit matrices) and fluid mechanics (mass/energyEnergy conservation, resistance laws). Validated through real plant data, the model achieved high accuracy, with relative errors between calculated and measured parameters maintained within 6%. This provides a foundation for optimal distribution and utilization of BFG.