Global maritime transport routes are the backbone of world trade, as most goods move from producer to consumer by sea. This study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the global transport routes affecting the Eurasian continent, their strategic importance, their role in international trade, and their focus on maritime transport. The trade volume between China and Europe has increased recently, boosted by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study examines the transport routes of China’s maritime trade links with Europe. The second part of the article examines China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative, which has opened up new opportunities in global trade relations. Through the OBOR’s land and sea routes, China’s economic and political influence in the region has increased significantly. As a result, European maritime freight transport has been analysed in terms of freight transport performance and economic development between 2013 and 2023. The study contributes to a better understanding of international logistics systems and provides a basis for defining future development directions.