Insects demonstrate varying reactions to diverse climatic conditions. Experts assume that global climate change will lead to excessive crop damage caused by agricultural pests. In the case of domesticated insects such as the silkworm (Bombyx mori), breeding them in captivity under a narrow range of climatic conditions can lead to a significant decline in silk production and result in economic losses. Among the climatic elements, the impacts of variations in temperature and humidity on silkworms are well established. Understanding the relationship between the various climatic factors and their effects on silkworms can help develop various strategies to alleviate economic losses. It is known that tolerance to environmental factors such as high temperatures is determined by genetic factors. The genome of the silkworm is among the most extensively studied genomes in the insects, with the re-sequencing of 1078 silkworm genomes, the creation of draft genomes, and linkage maps utilizing various molecular markers associated with different traits. Such genomic data would be highly beneficial for understanding the functional roles of genes in varying environmental conditions. Thus, knowledge about silkworm genes and genomes would be instrumental in developing silkworm breeds that are resilient to environmental stresses and capable of minimizing the economic losses. This chapter summarizes the effects of different environmental variables on the silkworm and the challenges in the present sericulture scenario. It also describes the various genomic approaches that include marker-assisted selections (MAS), and transgenics applied to improve the tolerance of silkworms to different environmental variables along with future strategies.