This chapter examines how the Orthodox Church of Greece (OCG), since its establishment in 1833, has shaped Greek national identity, politics, and social values. Closely tied to the state, the Church has promoted a Hellenic-Orthodox identity that unifies religion and ethnicity while excluding others. It has resisted secularism, Western liberalism, and social reform, often aligning with nationalist forces. Key moments include its opposition to civil marriage (legalized in 1982), mosque construction, the removal of religion from ID cards, abortion (legalized in 1986), and LGBTQ+ rights. Under Archbishop Christodoulos, the Church took a populist stance as a “moral compass” against globalization. Later Archbishop Ieronymos II emphasized charity and softened the Church’s tone. Yet its strong opposition to same-sex marriage legalization in 2024 reflects continued conservative Orthodox orientation. The Church also remains wary of aspects of European integration seen as threats to Orthodox-linked identity. Despite declining political influence, the OCG retains strong cultural and symbolic power, maintaining tensions between religious authority and democratic values.