Reducing the voltage dropVoltage drop of cathode carbonCarbon blocks is a critical approach for energyEnergy-saving modifications in aluminum electrolysis potsAluminum electrolysis pot. Graphitized cathodesGraphitized cathode, characterized by low resistivity, can significantly decrease the cathode voltage dropCathode Voltage Drop (CVD). However, this technology may lead to increased horizontal currents in the molten aluminumAluminum pad and higher costs due to the poor wear resistance of graphitized cathodesGraphitized cathode, which can shorten pot lifespan. Therefore, exploring the use of graphite cathodesGraphite cathode to achieve comparable energyEnergy-saving effects holds significant economic value. This study developed a novel cathode carbonCarbon block assembly based on graphite cathodesGraphite cathode. By balancing the cathode voltage dropCathode Voltage Drop (CVD) (220–260 mV) with aluminumAluminum flow velocityVelocity and incorporating a variable cross-sectional steel bar design to reduce horizontal currents, along with advanced energyEnergy-saving materials to optimize isothermal distribution, the system achieved self-balanced cathode heat dissipation. Industrial applicationsIndustrial applications demonstrate that this technology can reduce the DC energy consumptionEnergy consumption of aluminum electrolysis potsAluminum electrolysis pot to below 12,500 kWh/t-Al.