Traditional ironmaking relies on fossil reductants, incurring high energy consumption and carbon emissionsEmission. To achieve China’s “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” targets, biomassBiomass offers promising renewable alternative to the reductant required for the preparation of direct reduced ironDirect reduced iron (DRI). This study investigates biomassBiomass-based DRI production, systematically evaluating the reductionReduction of magnetite oreMagnetite ore using four kinds of biomassBiomass types (walnut shell, coconut shell, northeast pine wood, and corn straw) under varied conditions. Key metrics were metallization rate and microstructural evolution. Results reveal significant differences in reductionReduction capability among the biomassBiomass types. Increasing the biomassBiomass-to-magnetite oreMagnetite ore mass ratio generally enhanced the metallization of the sample, with walnut shell exhibiting the optimal performance. Under optimized conditions (C/Fe mass ratio of 0.8, T = 1100 °C, t = 60 min, in N2), a total iron grade of 91.77% and a high metallization rate of 93.42% were achieved for DRI, demonstrating the viability of biomassBiomass for low-carbon ironmaking.