An increase in EAFElectric Arc Furnace (EAF) (electric arc furnaceElectric Arc Furnace (EAF)) steelmakingSteelmaking, as one of approaches for decarbonization of steelmakingSteelmaking industries, will inevitably lead to larger EAF dustEAF dust generation, a by-product rich in iron and zincZinc. HydrogenHydrogen-based reductionReduction has emerged as a promising alternative processProcess to replace traditional carbon-based processesProcess. In this study, hydrogen reductionHydrogen reduction kineticsKinetic of three primary constituents of EAF dustEAF dust, i.e. magnetite (Fe3O4), zinc oxide (ZnOZinc Oxide (ZnO)), and zincZinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4ZnFe2O4), were investigated and compared. The results show that the reductionReduction of ZnOZinc Oxide (ZnO) is controlled by interfacial chemical reactions with zincZinc evaporating immediately upon reductionReduction. In contrast, the reductionsReduction of ZnFe2O4ZnFe2O4 and Fe3O4 are primarily controlled by diffusionDiffusion through the product layer. This diffusionDiffusion mechanism produced distinct microstructural features: a metallic iron product layer on the surface, an intermediate/partially reduced layer with lowered oxygen concentration, and an inner core of unreduced material. These findings are significant for understanding the mechanisms of hydrogen reductionHydrogen reduction in complex EAF dustEAF dust and support the development of more sustainable processing methods.