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This study investigates how precursor powder milling timeMilling time (MT) affects the microstructureMicrostructure of Ba1-xYxTi1-x/4O3 (x = 0.0, 0.005, 0.015) solid solutionsSolid solutions, synthesized via solid-state reaction. Initial BaCO3, TiO2, and Y2O3 powders (average particle sizesParticle size: 5.354, 1.204, and 7.083 µm, respectively) were mechanically milled in an HDPE container with zirconia balls (2.95, 5.05, and 6.48 mm) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Laser particle sizeParticle size analysis showed decreasing particle sizesParticle size with increased MT, reaching 9.37, 8.54, and 7.78 µm for the 6-, 12-, and 24-h MTs, respectively, across all compositions. HRSEM analysis of sintered samples revealed average grain sizesAverage grain size of 164.8 nm, with finer grains as MT increased. X-ray Diffraction (XRDX-Ray Diffraction (XRD)) of the sintered powders confirmed the tetragonal BaTiO3BaTiO3 phase for all compositions and MTs. Results indicate MT significantly influences microstructural refinement, while Y3+ dopingY3+ doping does not alter the formation of the ferroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3BaTiO3 phase.

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Effect of Precursor Milling Time on the Final Microstructure of Y3+-Doped BaTiO3 Synthesized via Solid-State Reaction

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • E. D. German-Magaldi,
  • M. Pérez-Labra,
  • A. Hernández-Ramírez,
  • J. A. Romero-Serrano,
  • F. R. Barrientos-Hernández,
  • M. Reyes-Pérez,
  • I. Mendoza-Sanchez,
  • E. R. Ramírez-Martínez,
  • M. I. Valenzuela-Carrillo,
  • J. A. Palmas-León

摘要

This study investigates how precursor powder milling timeMilling time (MT) affects the microstructureMicrostructure of Ba1-xYxTi1-x/4O3 (x = 0.0, 0.005, 0.015) solid solutionsSolid solutions, synthesized via solid-state reaction. Initial BaCO3, TiO2, and Y2O3 powders (average particle sizesParticle size: 5.354, 1.204, and 7.083 µm, respectively) were mechanically milled in an HDPE container with zirconia balls (2.95, 5.05, and 6.48 mm) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Laser particle sizeParticle size analysis showed decreasing particle sizesParticle size with increased MT, reaching 9.37, 8.54, and 7.78 µm for the 6-, 12-, and 24-h MTs, respectively, across all compositions. HRSEM analysis of sintered samples revealed average grain sizesAverage grain size of 164.8 nm, with finer grains as MT increased. X-ray Diffraction (XRDX-Ray Diffraction (XRD)) of the sintered powders confirmed the tetragonal BaTiO3BaTiO3 phase for all compositions and MTs. Results indicate MT significantly influences microstructural refinement, while Y3+ dopingY3+ doping does not alter the formation of the ferroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3BaTiO3 phase.