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Ammonia (NH3) is essential for agriculture and energy applications. Yet, the Haber–Bosch processProcess for industrial-scale NH3 synthesisSynthesis is intensive in energy cost and carbon emissionEmission due to stringent reaction conditions. In this work, we investigated new and promising molten saltMolten salt electrochemical systems and reported three different processesProcess to modulate the molten saltMolten salt alkalinity and enhance the NH3 synthesisSynthesis. The first processProcess involves a biphasic system comprising a molten LiCl–KCl layer overlying a liquid Li–Sn alloy below, and a low-voltage electrolysisElectrolysis was conducted to dissociate the LiH intermediate. The second one involves a molten salt electrolysisMolten salt electrolysis with simultaneous metallic Li extraction at the cathode and in-situ HCl generation at a graphite anode bubbled with H2; the maximum NH3 synthesisSynthesis rate reached 6.5 × 10–8 mol cm–2 s–1 at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure. The third one adopts liquid Bi anode in molten saltMolten salt electrolyser, avoiding Cl2 evolution and establishing Bi/BiCl3 cycle for in-situ HCl generation under moderate applied voltage. Despite technical challenges, the preliminary results demonstrate the great potential of molten-salt electrochemical systems for NH3 synthesisSynthesis.

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Modulating the Alkalinity of Molten Chloride Salt for Enhancing Ammonia Synthesis in Electrochemical Systems

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Bingxu Xi,
  • Xiaofei Guan

摘要

Ammonia (NH3) is essential for agriculture and energy applications. Yet, the Haber–Bosch processProcess for industrial-scale NH3 synthesisSynthesis is intensive in energy cost and carbon emissionEmission due to stringent reaction conditions. In this work, we investigated new and promising molten saltMolten salt electrochemical systems and reported three different processesProcess to modulate the molten saltMolten salt alkalinity and enhance the NH3 synthesisSynthesis. The first processProcess involves a biphasic system comprising a molten LiCl–KCl layer overlying a liquid Li–Sn alloy below, and a low-voltage electrolysisElectrolysis was conducted to dissociate the LiH intermediate. The second one involves a molten salt electrolysisMolten salt electrolysis with simultaneous metallic Li extraction at the cathode and in-situ HCl generation at a graphite anode bubbled with H2; the maximum NH3 synthesisSynthesis rate reached 6.5 × 10–8 mol cm–2 s–1 at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure. The third one adopts liquid Bi anode in molten saltMolten salt electrolyser, avoiding Cl2 evolution and establishing Bi/BiCl3 cycle for in-situ HCl generation under moderate applied voltage. Despite technical challenges, the preliminary results demonstrate the great potential of molten-salt electrochemical systems for NH3 synthesisSynthesis.